Lymphoma is a cancer Cancer /ˈkænsər/ (medical term: malignant neoplasm) is a class of diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled growth (division beyond the normal limits), invasion (intrusion on and destruction of adjacent tissues), and sometimes metastasis (spread to other locations in the body via lymph or blood). These three malignant properties that begins in the lymphatic cells of the immune system An immune system is a system of biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells. It detects a wide variety of agents, from viruses to parasitic worms, and needs to distinguish them from the organism's own healthy cells and tissues in order to function and presents as a solid tumor A tumor or tumour is the name for a neoplasm or a solid lesion formed by an abnormal growth of cells which looks like a swelling. Tumor is not synonymous with cancer. A tumor can be benign, pre-malignant or malignant, whereas cancer is by definition malignant of lymphoid cells. It is treatable with chemotherapy Chemotherapy, in its most general sense, is the treatment of disease by chemicals especially by killing micro-organisms or cancerous cells. In popular usage, it refers to antineoplastic drugs used to treat cancer or the combination of these drugs into a cytotoxic standardized treatment regimen. In its non-oncological use, the term may also refer, and in some cases radiotherapy Radiation therapy , or radiotherapy (in the UK and Australia) also called radiation oncology, and sometimes abbreviated to XRT, is the medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment to control malignant cells (not to be confused with radiology, the use of radiation in medical imaging and diagnosis). Radiotherapy may be used for and/or bone marrow transplantation Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the transplantation of blood stem cells derived from the bone marrow (in this case known as bone marrow transplantation) or blood. Stem cell transplantation is a medical procedure in the fields of hematology and oncology, most often performed for people with diseases of the blood, bone marrow, or certain, and can be curable depending on the histology, type, and stage of the disease.[1] These malignant cells often originate in lymph nodes A lymph node is a small circular ball shape organ of the immune system, distributed widely throughout the body and linked by lymphatic vessels. Lymph nodes are garrisons of B, T, and other immune cells. Lymph nodes are found all through the body, and act as filters or traps for foreign particles. They contain white blood cells that use oxygen to, presenting as an enlargement of the node (a tumor). Lymphomas are closely related to lymphoid leukemias, which also originate in lymphocytes but typically involve only circulating blood and the bone marrow Bone marrow is the flexible tissue found in the hollow interior of bones. In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells. It constitutes 4% of total body weight, i.e. approximately 2.6 kg in adults (where blood cells are generated in a process termed haematopoesis) and do not usually form static tumors.[1] There are many types of lymphomas, and in turn, lymphomas are a part of the broad group of diseases called hematological neoplasms Hematological malignancies are the types of cancer that affect blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. As the three are intimately connected through the immune system, a disease affecting one of the three will often affect the others as well: although lymphoma is technically a disease of the lymph nodes, it often spreads to the bone marrow, affecting.

Thomas Hodgkin published the first description of lymphoma in 1832, specifically of the form named after him, Hodgkin's lymphoma Hodgkin's lymphoma, previously known as Hodgkin's disease, is a type of lymphoma, which is a type of cancer originating from white blood cells called lymphocytes. It was named after Thomas Hodgkin, who first described abnormalities in the lymph system in 1832. Hodgkin's lymphoma is characterized by the orderly spread of disease from one lymph node.[2] Since then, many other forms of lymphoma have been described, grouped under several proposed classifications. The 1982 Working formulation classification became very popular. It introduced the category non-Hodgkin lymphoma The Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are a diverse group of hematologic cancers which encompass any lymphoma other than Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), divided into 16 different diseases. However, because these different lymphomas have little in common with each other, the NHL label is of limited usefulness for doctors or patients and is slowly being abandoned. The latest classification by the WHO The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. Established on 7 April 1948, and headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health Organization, which had been an agency of the (2001) lists 43 different forms of lymphoma divided in four broad groups.

Although older classifications referred to histiocytic lymphomas, these are recognized in newer classifications as of B B cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response . The principal functions of B cells are to make antibodies against antigens, perform the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and eventually develop into memory B cells after activation by antigen interaction. B cells are an essential component of the adaptive immune, T T cells or T lymphocytes belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocyte types, such as B cells and natural killer cells by the presence of a special receptor on their cell surface called T cell receptors . The abbreviation T, in T cell, or NK cell Natural killer cells are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte that constitute a major component of the innate immune system. NK cells play a major role in the rejection of tumors and cells infected by viruses. The cells kill by releasing small cytoplasmic granules of proteins called perforin and granzyme that cause the target cell to die by apoptosis lineage. True histiocytic malignancies are rare and are classified as sarcomas A sarcoma is a general term describing a malignant neoplasm, or cancer, that arises from transformed connective tissue cells, such as bone, cartilage, and fat cells, which originate from embryonic mesoderm.[3]

Contents

Classification

A number of various different classification systems exist for lymphoma. As an alternative to the American Lukes-Butler classification, in the early 1970s, Karl Lennert of Kiel Kiel (German pronunciation: [ˈkiːl] ) is the capital and most populous city of the northern German state Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of over 236,000 (2007), Germany, proposed a new system of classifying lymphomas based on cellular morphology In biology "morphology" is the study of the form, structure and configuration of an organism. This includes aspects of the outward appearance [citation needed] as well as the form and structure of the internal parts like bones and organs. This is in contrast to physiology, which deals primarily with function and their relationship to cells of the normal peripheral lymphoid system.[4]

Some forms of lymphoma are categorized as indolent (e.g. small lymphocytic lymphoma), compatible with a long life even without treatment, whereas other forms are aggressive (e.g. Burkitt's lymphoma), causing rapid deterioration and death. However, most of the aggressive lymphomas respond well to treatment and are curable. The prognosis Prognosis is a medical term to describe the likely outcome of an illness. When applied to large populations, prognostic estimates can be very accurate: for example the statement "45% of patients with severe septic shock will die within 28 days" can be made with some confidence, because previous research found that this proportion of therefore depends on the correct classification of the disease, established by a pathologist In medicine, pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease. The related scientific study of disease processes is called "general pathology". Medical pathology is divided into two main branches, anatomical pathology and clinical pathology. Medical pathologists work through examination of organs, tissues, bodily fluids, and whole bodies after examination of a biopsy A biopsy is a medical test involving the removal of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically. When an entire lump or suspicious area is.[5]

Working Formulation and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Main article: Working Formulation

The 1982 Working Formulation is a classification of non-Hodgkin lymphoma The Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are a diverse group of hematologic cancers which encompass any lymphoma other than Hodgkin's Lymphoma. It excluded the Hodgkin lymphomas and divided the remaining lymphomas into four grades (Low, Intermediate, High, and Miscellaneous) related to prognosis, with some further subdivisions based on the size and shape of affected cells. This purely histological classification included no information about cell surface markers, or genetics, and it made no distinction between T-cell lymphomas or B-cell lymphomas.

The Working Formulation was widely accepted at the time of its publication but is now obsolete. [6] It was superseded by subsequent classifications (see below) but it is still used by cancer agencies for compilation of lymphoma statistics and historical comparisons.

REAL

In the mid 1990s, the Revised European-American Lymphoma (REAL) Classification attempted to apply immunophenotypic and genetic features in identifying distinct clinicopathologic entities among all the lymphomas except Hodgkin's lymphoma Hodgkin's lymphoma, previously known as Hodgkin's disease, is a type of lymphoma, which is a type of cancer originating from white blood cells called lymphocytes. It was named after Thomas Hodgkin, who first described abnormalities in the lymph system in 1832. Hodgkin's lymphoma is characterized by the orderly spread of disease from one lymph node.[7] REAL has been superseded by the WHO classification.

World Health Organization (WHO)

The WHO Classification, published in 2001 and updated in 2008,[3] is the latest classification of lymphoma and is based upon the foundations laid within the "Revised European-American Lymphoma classification" (REAL). This system attempts to group lymphomas by cell type (i.e. the normal cell type that most resembles the tumor) and defining phenotypic A phenotype is any observable characteristic or trait of an organism: such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior . Phenotypes result from the expression of an organism's genes as well as the influence of environmental factors and the interactions between the two, molecular A molecule is defined as an electrically neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by very strong chemical bonds. Molecules are distinguished from polyatomic ions in this strict sense. In organic chemistry and biochemistry, the term molecule is used less strictly and also is applied to charged organic molecules or cytogenetic characteristics. There are three large groups: the B cell B cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response . The principal functions of B cells are to make antibodies against antigens, perform the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and eventually develop into memory B cells after activation by antigen interaction. B cells are an essential component of the adaptive immune, T cell T cells or T lymphocytes belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocyte types, such as B cells and natural killer cells by the presence of a special receptor on their cell surface called T cell receptors . The abbreviation T, in T cell,, and natural killer cell Natural killer cells are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte that constitute a major component of the innate immune system. NK cells play a major role in the rejection of tumors and cells infected by viruses. The cells kill by releasing small cytoplasmic granules of proteins called perforin and granzyme that cause the target cell to die by apoptosis tumors. Other less common groups, are also recognized. Hodgkin's lymphoma, although considered separately within the World Health Organization The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. Established on 7 April 1948, and headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health Organization, which had been an agency of the (and preceding) classifications, is now recognized as being a tumor of, albeit markedly abnormal, lymphocytes of mature B cell lineage.

Mature B cell neoplasms

DNA-microarray analysis of Burkitt's lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) showing differences in gene expression patterns. Colors indicate levels of expression; green indicates genes that are underexpressed in lymphoma cells (as compared to normal cells), whereas red indicates genes that are overexpressed in lymphoma cells.

Mature T cell and natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms

Hodgkin lymphoma

Main article: Hodgkin lymphoma Hodgkin's lymphoma, previously known as Hodgkin's disease, is a type of lymphoma, which is a type of cancer originating from white blood cells called lymphocytes. It was named after Thomas Hodgkin, who first described abnormalities in the lymph system in 1832. Hodgkin's lymphoma is characterized by the orderly spread of disease from one lymph node

Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders

Other classification systems

Symptoms

Diagnosis, etiology, staging, prognosis, and treatment

These depend on the specific form of lymphoma.[9] For some forms of lymphoma, watchful waiting is often the initial course of action.[10] If a low-grade lymphoma is becoming symptomatic, radiotherapy or chemotherapy are the treatments of choice, although they do not cure the lymphoma, they can alleviate the symptoms, particularly painful lymphadenopathy. Patients with these types of lymphoma can live near-normal lifespans, but the disease is incurable. Treatment of some other, more aggressive, forms of lymphoma can result in a cure in the majority of cases, but the prognosis for patients with a poor response to therapy is worse.[11] Treatment for these types of lymphoma typically consists of aggressive chemotherapy, including the CHOP regimen. Hodgkin lymphoma typically is treated with radiotherapy alone, as long as it is localized.[12] Advanced Hodgkins disease requires systemic chemotherapy, sometimes combined with radiotherapy.[13] See the articles on the corresponding form of lymphoma for further information.

Epidemiology

Age-standardized death from lymphomas and multiple myeloma per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004.[14] no data less than 1.8 1.8-3.6 3.6-5.4 5.4-7.2 7.2-9 9-10.8 10.8-12.6 12.6-14.4 14.4-16.2 16.2-18 18-19.8 more than 19.8

Lymphoma is the most common form of hematological malignancy, or "blood cancer", in the developed world.

Taken together, lymphomas represent 5.3% of all cancers (excluding simple basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers) in the United States and 55.6% of all blood cancers.[15]

According to the U.S. National Institutes of Health, lymphomas account for about five percent of all cases of cancer in the United States, and Hodgkin's lymphoma in particular accounts for less than one percent of all cases of cancer in the United States.

Because the whole system is part of the body's immune system, patients with a weakened immune system such as from HIV infection or from certain drugs or medication also have a higher incidence of lymphoma.

Comparison

Following is a comparison of the most common types of lymphoma:

Lymphoma type Relative incidence Histopathology Cell markers Overall 5-year survival Other comments
Precursor T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 40% of lymphomas in childhood.[16] Lymphoblasts with irregular nuclear contours, condensed chromatin, small nucleoli and scant cytoplasm without granules.[16] TdT, CD2, CD7[16] It often presents as a mediastinal mass because of involvement of the thymus.[16] It is highly associated with NOTCH1 mutations.[16] Most common in adolescent males.[16]
Follicular lymphoma 40% of lymphomas in adults[16] Small "cleaved" cells (centrocytes) mixed with large activated cells (centroblasts). Usually nodular ("follicular") growth pattern[16] CD10, surface Ig[16] 72-77%[17] Occurs in older adults. Usually involves lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen.[16] Associated with t(14;18) translocation overexpressing Bcl-2.[16] Indolent[16]
Mantle cell lymphoma 3 to 4% of lymphomas in adults[16] Lymphocytes of small to internediate size growing in diffuse pattern[16] CD5[16] 50%[18] to 70%[18] Occurs mainly in adult males. Usually involves lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen and GI tract. Associated with t(11;14) translocation overexpressing cyclin D1. Moderately aggressive.[16]
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 3 to 4 % of lymphomas in adults[16] Small resting lymphocytes mixed with variable number of large activated cells. Lymph nodes are diffusely effaced[16] CD5, surface immunoglobulin[16] 50%.[19] Occurs in older adults. Usually involves lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen. Most patients have peripheral blood involvement. Indolent.[16]
MALT lymphoma ~5% of lymphomas in adults[16] Variable cell size and differentiation. 40% show plasma cell differentiation. Homing of B cells to epithelium creates lymphoepithelial lesions.[16] CD5, CD10, surface Ig[16] Frequently occurs outside lymph nodes. Very indolent. May be cured by local excision.[16]
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma 40 to 50% of lymphomas in adults[16] Variable. Most resemble B cells of large germinal centers. Diffuse growth pattern.[16] Variable expression of CD10 and surface Ig[16] 60%[20] Occurs in all ages, but most commonly in older adults. Often occurs outside lymph nodes. Aggressive.[16]
Burkitt's lymphoma < 1% of lymphomas in the United States[16] Round lymphoid cells of intermediate size with several nucleoli. Starry-sky appearance by diffuse spread with interspersed apoptosis.[16] CD10, surface Ig[16] 50%[21] Endemic in Africa, sporadic elsewhere. More common in immunocompromised and in children. Often visceral involvement. Highly aggressive.[16]
Mycosis fungoides Most common cutaneous lymphoid malignancy Usually small lymphoid cells with convoluted nuclei that often infiltrate the epidermis, creating Pautier microabscesses[16] CD4[16] 75%[22] Localized or more generalized skin symptoms. Generally indolent. In a more aggressive variant, [16]Sézary's disease, there is skin erythema and peripheral blood involvement.[16]
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma-Not-Otherwise-Specified Most common T cell lymphoma [16] Variable. Usually a mix small to large lymphoid cells with irregular nuclear contours.[16] CD3[16] Probably consists of several rare tumor types. It is often disseminated and generally aggressive.[16]
Nodular sclerosis form of Hodgkin lymphoma Most common type of Hodgkin's lymphoma[16] Reed-Sternberg cell variants and inflammation. usually broad sclerotic bands that consists of collagen.[16] CD15, CD30[16] Most common in young adults. It often arises in the mediastinum or cervical lymph nodes.[16]
Mixed-cellularity subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma Second most common form of Hodgkin's lymphoma[16] Many classic Reed-Sternberg cells and inflammation[16] CD15, CD30[16] Most common in men. More likely to be diagnosed at advanced stages than the nodular sclerosis form. Epstein-Barr virus involved in 70% of cases.[16]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Parham, Peter (2005). The immune system. New York: Garland Science. p. 414. ISBN 0-8153-4093-1.
  2. ^ Hellman, Samuel; Mauch, P.M. Ed. (1999). Hodgkin's Disease. Chapter 1: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 5. ISBN 0-7817-1502-4.
  3. ^ a b ed. by Elaine S. Jaffe .... (2001). Pathology and Genetics of Haemo (World Health Organization Classification of tumors S.). Oxford Univ Pr. ISBN 92-832-2411-6.
  4. ^ Lennert, Karl; Feller, Alfred C.; Jacques Diebold; M. Paulli; A. Le Tourneau (2002). Histopathology of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (Based on the Updated Kiel Classification). Berlin: Springer. pp. 2. ISBN 3-540-63801-6.
  5. ^ Wagman LD. "Principles of Surgical Oncology" in Pazdur R, Wagman LD, Camphausen KA, Hoskins WJ (Eds) Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 11 ed. 2008.
  6. ^ Clarke CA, Glaser SL, Dorfman RF, Bracci PM, Eberle E, Holly EA (January 2004). "Expert review of non-Hodgkin lymphomas in a population-based cancer registry: reliability of diagnosis and subtype classifications". Cancer Epidemiol. Bio-markers Prev. 13 (1): 138–43. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-03-0250. PMID 14744745.
  7. ^ www.emedicine.com on Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
  8. ^ http://lymphoma.about.com/od/symptoms/tp/warningsigns.htm
  9. ^ Sweetenham JW (November 2009). "Treatment of lymphoblastic lymphoma in adults". Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) 23 (12): 1015–20. PMID 20017283.
  10. ^ Elphee EE (May 2008). "Understanding the concept of uncertainty in patients with indolent lymphoma". Oncol Nurs Forum 35 (3): 449–54. doi:10.1188/08.ONF.449-454. PMID 18467294.
  11. ^ Bernstein SH, Burack WR (2009). "The incidence, natural history, biology, and treatment of transformed lymphomas". Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2009: 532–41. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.532. PMID 20008238.
  12. ^ Martin NE, Ng AK (November 2009). "Good things come in small packages: low-dose radiation as palliation for indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas". Leuk. Lymphoma 50 (11): 1765–72. doi:10.3109/10428190903186510. PMID 19883306.
  13. ^ Kuruvilla J (2009). "Standard therapy of advanced Hodgkin lymphoma". Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2009: 497–506. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.497. PMID 20008235.
  14. ^ "WHO Disease and injury country estimates". World Health Organization. 2009. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates_country/en/index.html. Retrieved Nov. 11, 2009.
  15. ^ Horner MJ, Ries LAG, Krapcho M, Neyman N, et al. (eds).. "SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2006". Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER). Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2006/. Retrieved 03 November 2009. "Table 1.4: Age-Adjusted SEER Incidence and U.S. Death Rates and 5-Year Relative Survival Rates By Primary Cancer Site, Sex and Time Period"
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av Table 12-8 with lymphomas sorted out. Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson. Robbins Basic Pathology. Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2973-7. 8th edition.
  17. ^ eMedicine Specialties > Lymphoma, Follicular Author: Cesar O Freytes. Coauthor: Julianna A Burzynski. Updated: Nov 3, 2009
  18. ^ a b
    • 50% for limited stage, according to: Leitch HA, Gascoyne RD, Chhanabhai M, Voss NJ, Klasa R, Connors JM (October 2003). "Limited-stage mantle-cell lymphoma". Ann. Oncol. 14 (10): 1555–61. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdg414. PMID 14504058.
    • 70% for advanced stage, according to most recent values in: Herrmann A, Hoster E, Zwingers T, et al. (February 2009). "Improvement of overall survival in advanced stage mantle cell lymphoma". J. Clin. Oncol. 27 (4): 511–8. doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.16.8435. PMID 19075279.
  19. ^ The Merck Manual of Geriatrics > Chronic Leukemias Retrieved June, 2010
  20. ^ Turgeon, Mary Louise (2005). Clinical hematology: theory and procedures. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 285–286. ISBN 0-7817-5007-5.
  21. ^ Diviné M, Casassus P, Koscielny S, et al. (December 2005). "Burkitt lymphoma in adults: a prospective study of 72 patients treated with an adapted pediatric LMB protocol". Ann. Oncol. 16 (12): 1928–35. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdi403. PMID 16284057.
  22. ^ Kirova YM, Piedbois Y, Haddad E, et al. (May 1999). "Radiotherapy in the management of mycosis fungoides: indications, results, prognosis. Twenty years experience". Radiother Oncol 51 (2): 147–51. doi:10.1016/S0167-8140(99)00050-X. PMID 10435806.

External links

Hematological malignancy/leukemia histology (ICD-O 9590-9989, C81-C96, 200-208) Lymphoid/Lymphoproliferative, Lymphomas/Lymphoid leukemias (9590-9739, 9800-9839)
B cell (lymphoma, leukemia) (most CD19, CD20)
By development/ marker
TdT+ ALL (Precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma)
CD5+

naive B cell (CLL/SLL)

mantle zone (Mantle cell)
CD22+ Prolymphocytic · CD11c (Hairy cell leukemia)
CD79a+

germinal center/follicular B cell (Follicular, Burkitt's, GCB-DLBCL)

marginal zone/marginal-zone B cell (Splenic marginal zone, MALT, Nodal marginal zone)
RS (CD15+, CD30+) Classic Hodgkin's lymphoma (Nodular sclerosis) · CD20 (Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma)
PCDs/PP (CD38+/CD138+) see
By infection KSHV (Primary effusion) · EBV (Lymphomatoid granulomatosis, Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder) · HIV (AIDS-related lymphoma) · Helicobacter pylori (MALT lymphoma)
Ungrouped Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma • Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma • Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma • Primary cutaneous immunocytoma • Plasmacytoma • Plasmacytosis
T/NK
T cell (lymphoma, leukemia) (most CD3, CD4, CD8)
By development/ marker

TdT+: ALL (Precursor T acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma)

prolymphocyte (Prolymphocytic)

CD30+ (Anaplastic large cell, Lymphomatoid papulosis)
By location/peripheral Cutaneous (Mycosis fungoides, Sézary's disease) · Hepatosplenic · Angioimmunoblastic · Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma
By infection HTLV-1 (Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma)
NK cell/ (most CD56) Aggressive NK-cell leukemia · Blastic NK cell lymphoma
T or NK EBV (Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma) · Large granular lymphocytic leukemia
Ungrouped CD30+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma • Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma • Subcutaneous T-cell lymphoma • Non-mycosis fungoides CD30− cutaneous large T-cell lymphoma • Pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma • Lennert lymphoma • Secondary cutaneous CD30+ large cell lymphoma • Angiocentric lymphoma
Lymphoid+myeloid Acute biphenotypic leukaemia
Lymphocytosis Lymphoproliferative disorders (X-linked lymphoproliferative disease, Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome) · Leukemoid reaction · Pseudolymphoma · Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome
Ungrouped lymphoid-related cutaneous conditions

Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia • Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia with bandlike and perivascular patterns • Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia with nodular pattern • Jessner lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin

Granulomatous slack skin • Kikuchi disease • Leukemia cutis • Lymphomatoid papulosis • Leukemid • Pagetoid reticulosis • Primary cutaneous follicular lymphoma • Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy

: LMC

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Categories: Types of cancer | Hematopathology | Lymphoma

 

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Local event to benefit Leukemia-Lymphoma society - Daily Freeman Journal
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Paradise Ride is scheduled for June 12 at the Hamilton County Fairgrounds to benefit the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society of Iowa. Event organizers Jill and ...

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Wed, 14 Jul 2010 21:40:00 GM

I can only answer about Non Hodgkin's . Lymphoma. . This is not always fatal. People can live for many years after treatment for it, if the treatment works. It can 'come back' however after one or two years or after several years and it can ...

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Has anyone lost a pet from lymphoma that was feeding their dog Bil Jac?
Q. We just put our 10 year old shitzu to sleep yesterday that was diagnosised with lymphoma 2 months ago. He had never been sick in the 10 years we had him. We switched him over to Bil Jac 1 years ago. I heard they have carcogenics in their food which will cause cancer.
Asked by Kim A - Sun Apr 5 11:42:27 2009 - - 3 Answers - 0 Comments

A. Sorry for your loss. Has it been researched and proved that Bil Jac can cause cancer? You should look more into it. I haven't heard this. I give my Shepherd Bil Jac treats once in awhile, but otherwise I really know nothing about the food. Otherwise it is very likely that he got sick just because he is old. 10 years is a pretty good lifespan.
Answered by gsdluvrr Best In Show Novice Pup - Sun Apr 5 11:56:58 2009

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